From a Big Pharma standpoint in terms of clinical research, it is very money driven and results driven. For example, for a double blind test, the intent is to remove as much bias from the test subject and investigator as possible. However, because of this, statistical test can be fabricated and systematically wrong. Many test can give false negatives and false positives. For a pharmaceutical company, they will only want to publish the positive results of the study which leads to publication bias. This can easily be done if they don’t register their test prior to running it. By doing that pharmaceutical companies don’t have to disclose all their test results and open it up for scrutiny.

A CRO can possibly do the same, however since a CRO is a third party they can likely give more push back to register clinical studies prior to executing them.